Vertical transmission accounts for most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children, and treatments for newborns are needed to abrogate infection or limit disease progression.

A hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is the early establishment of a persistent viral reservoir1. Daily antiretroviral therapy (ART), the current standard of care, can reduce plasma viral load (PVL) to undetectable levels, but treatment interruption results in viral rebound.

Being small molecules, ART drugs rapidly diffuse to distal sites; for instance, DTG was detectable at therapeutically relevant concentrations in colorectal tissue within 1?h of a single oral dose in a Phase I trial.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)：

Animals in Group 4 were given daily treatment with a triple-drug ART regimen34. The drugs were coformulated in a cocktail with 5.1?mg/mL Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, Gilead Sciences, Inc.), 40?mg/mL Emtricitabine (FTC, Gilead Sciences, Inc.), and 2.5?mg/mL Dolutegravir (DTG sodium salt and free base, Medicilon) dissolved in 15% Kleptose HPB Parenteral grade (Roquette) in sterile water, adjusted to pH 4.2, sterile filtered and stored frozen at -20?°C. The cocktail was administered subcutaneously at 1?ml/kg each day for 21 days, beginning 48?h after SHIV exposure.

Reference:

Mariya B Shapiro, et al. Single-dose bNAb cocktail or abbreviated ART post-exposure regimens achieve tight SHIV control without adaptive immunity. Nat Commun. 2020 Jan 7;11(1):70. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13972-y.